Urology
Infertility by definition means a married couple haven’t been able to conceive a child even though they’ve had frequent, unprotected sexual intercourse for a year or longer.
The cause for this is either male factor infertility (two- thrirds) of the time and Female factors(In the rest one third).
Male fertility can be caused by a number of factors -
Varicocele - A varicocele is a venous plexus that are around cord structures and drain the testicles.Any enlargement of these veins may hamper sperm health and cause infertility
Infection of genital tract-Infections of epididymis or testicles and some sexually transmitted infections(STI s) may also be cause of male infertility.
Antisperm antibodies - Anti-sperm antibodies are immune cells that identify our own sperm as foreign antigen and destroy it.
Tumors- Cancers can affect the male reproductive organs directly and some cases their treatment like surgery, radiation or chemotherapy can affect male fertility.
Hormone imbalances - Low testosterone (male hypogonadism) and other hormonal problems have a number of possible underlying causes.
Erectile Dysfunction - Unable to maintain an erection sufficient for sex (erectile dysfunction), premature ejaculation, painful intercourse can be the cause of male factor infertility.
Some environmental factors may affect sperm health which include -
Some other causes of male infertility include:
There may be no obvious signs or symptoms of male infertility except for not conceiving a child. Signs and symptoms depends on underlying cause and may include
Many infertile couples have more than one cause of infertility, so it’s likely you will both need to see a doctor.
Diagnosing male infertility problems usually involves -
In cases of infertility, it’s recommended that the female partner should also be checked.
Treatments for male infertility depends on the underlying problem based on complete examination of both the partners and analyzing all the tests advised by the urologist -
Ask your primary healthcare provider to refer you to an urologist who specializes in male infertility. You may also work with a reproductive endocrinologist.
If your infertility is affected by lifestyle choices such as smoking and working around certain chemicals, you might be able to reduce your risk. Talk to your healthcare provider about other risk factors and what you can do about them. If you’re going to go through cancer treatment, talk to your healthcare provider about sperm banking.
Don’t hesitate to ask your healthcare provider questions about infertility. Some to consider include:
Male infertility requires treatment in most cases.
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